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Famous Ocean Explorers
Today the thought of yachts conjures up images of sunbathing, Caribbean holidays and luxury. But not so long ago, these vessels were the simple structures that intrepid explorers called home for many years at a time and transported people to places that they could never have dreamed existed. Yachts like the Santa Maria helped sailors find the North American continent while the Victoria was the first vessel to sail around the globe. Hundreds of years ago people were not only driven by the desire to explore the earth, but also to claim the best access to the riches of spices in the East. Many journeys ensued, with some resulting in the most spectacular and accidental discoveries. Even though every corner of the earth has now been “discovered”, man’s desire to explore the oceans has never ceased. To this day brave men and women face the swells to cement themselves in history by conquering the world’s oceans. The Forerunners of Ocean Exploration Bartholomew Dias and Vasco Da Gama The Portuguese have often been credited as some of history’s bravest explorers and the establishment of the Spice Route to India is to this country’s credit. What drove much exploration of the seas in the early years was a desire to gain the best access to the rich resource of spices in the East. In his quest to find such a route, Bartholomew Dias became the first European to navigate around the southern-most tip of Africa. It was Dias who first named the Cape the “Cape of Storms” and while the explorers did not make it all the way to the East on their 1488 journey, they have never been forgotten for their feat of being the first Europeans to sail around the tip of the African continent. Vasco Da Gama was more successful in his quest to create the best Spice Route for the Portuguese and, in 1498, reached Calicut in India. The tales of his cruel treatment of the people living in the places along the route are chilling, but his victory was claiming the best Spice Route possible in the name of the Portuguese. This sea route was far less treacherous than heading overland through Asia and gave Portugal the ultimate advantage in trade in the 15th and 16th centuries. Christopher Columbus By 1493, Italian Christopher Columbus was convinced that a quicker route could be found to the East by travelling west. What resulted was a discovery that changed the face of world geography forever. When he could not convince his own countrymen of his theory, Columbus moved to Spain and managed to convince the authorities to fund his expedition. He set sail in August 1492 and was in sight of the Bahamas within only ten weeks, which he mistakenly believed to be Japan. Further west when the voyagers reached Cuba, they were convinced they had found China and moved inland to “India”. The dark-skinned people they encountered were soon labelled “Indians” and Columbus returned to Europe victorious in his achievement of finding the quickest route to the riches of the East. Columbus returned to his East three times during the remainder of his life exploring Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Trinidad. He died believing he had found the shortest route to the East, never knowing that he had in fact discovered something much, much more important. Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan was not discouraged by the subsequent discovery of Columbus’ actual failure to find a westerly route to the East and set of in 1519 to prove that it could be done. Although from Portugal, Magellan undertook this journey with Spanish backing and set sail in 1519. The five ships in the party housed 260 men who had no idea where they were going as Magellan believed they would be too frightened too continue. A massive storm along the coast of South America forced the ships to seek cover and thus Magellan discovered an inlet — completely by accident. The Magellan Strait, as it is now known, offers a route through the South American continent to the Pacific Ocean on the other side. With one ship deserting the voyage, Magellan and his four other ships suffered extreme hardships on the Pacific and only 18 of the 260 men made it back to Spain three years later. The journey went through the Philippines where Magellan himself was killed in battle and on to the East where the ships were loaded with spices. The Victoria continued west and made it back to Spain, while all of the other ships were lost at sea. The westerly spice route discovered by Magellan and his crew was not used for many years, thanks to the treacherous outcome it had for the many men on board. Instead of discovering a new Spice Route, Magellan is actually credited with captaining the first circumnavigation of our globe, a more impressive feat by miles. Modern Ocean Explorers Ocean exploration has never stopped since the great explorers of the 15th and 16th centuries, but has simply evolved to become more in depth, competitive and adventurous. By the beginning of the 20th century, most of the earth’s waters had been explored and ocean travels became more about setting records than discovering new places. The year was 1895 when American Joshua Slocum set out to become the first man to sail solo around the world. He sustained himself during the three year trip by stocking up on supplies from islands along the way and his safe return home in 1898 cemented his place in the history books. The next person to better this record was Sir Francis Chichester in 1967 who managed an around the world feat that only required one stop in a year long trip aboard Gypsy Moth. It was a fellow Briton, Robin Knox-Johnston who, twelve years later, managed to finally circumnavigate the world without stopping — in a lightning fast 312 days. In 1988, Kat Cottee became the first woman to sail solo and non-stop around the world in an improved time of only 189 days. To date, the fastest solo trip every recorded to circumnavigate the globe occurred as recently as 2008. Francis Joyon, a 51 year old Frenchman, climbed aboard his 98ft fire-engine red trimaran Idec and reappeared around the world just 57 days later. This took a massive 14 days off the previous record which was held by the fastest female sailor in the history of yachting, Dame Ellen McArthur.Find out more about some of the spectacular yachts sailing our oceans today, many of which are available to buy or charter. http://www.ypi.co.uk/
Source: www.ArticlePros.com

Tips To Get The Best Rates On Flights
Travelling can be expensive, especially when you’re going to be travelling by plane. Everyone always wants to find the best deal that they can for their flights, but in many cases they are not sure exactly how to go about this. There is more to finding the best rates on flights than simply logging on to a website and looking at their flight offerings; here are some suggestions as to how you can save money on your flights and make sure that you find the best rates available to you when you travel. If you are travelling on relatively short notice, one way to find a good rate on the flight that you take is to call the airline booking desk and check to see if they have any cancelled reservations. Airlines will often offer lower rates on flights with cancellations in order to get the seats filled, though the discounts only apply to the specific flight that the tickets were cancelled for. This means that you may have to adjust your schedule in order to be able to make the flight on time, but you can save quite a bit of money by travelling this way. Another option to save money on flights is to book them in advance. While not all airlines offer discounts for advance booking, there are several that do as a way of encouraging people to make their travel plans weeks or even months before they are scheduled to leave. In addition to possibly being able to lock in a lower ticket price, booking in advance can also help to ensure that you can get the seats that you want. If the airline that you are using does offer advance booking discounts, you will likely need to book your flight at least two weeks before the date that you are scheduled to depart. For those who do not book their flights in advance, they will most likely encounter less choices and higher airfares. Provided that you do not have to travel on a very specific schedule, you can usually save money by taking flights during the week instead of travelling on the weekend. The majority of the business that airlines have comes on the weekends, so they will generally offer discounted fares to those passengers who travel during the week in an effort to boost weekday bookings. Also red-eye flights as well as flights with at least one stop usually are offered at a lower cost than a direct flight. Be aware that there are generally exclusions to this pricing policy made around holidays, so you should take the time to check the rates before booking your flight if you want to get the weekday travel discount. One simple way to save money on your flights is to plan out your tip well in advance and take the time to shop around and see whether one airline has better rates to your destination than another. The cheaper flights might be at different times, require more lay overs, or route you though different cities, but the difference in prices between flights to the same city can be significant if you are willing to shop around and possibly spend a little bit more time in transit. A popular method of getting good rates on flights is to make use of online flight and travel booking websites. Many of the top websites are able to get deals on flights that you will not be able to find elsewhere, but it is important that you take the time to compare the offerings of different sites if you choose to go that route. Just as different airlines can have different rates for similar flights, different discount booking websites can charge different amounts for the same flights. By checking several websites and comparing their rates you will likely be able to save more than if you simply visited a single website and booked your flight. Along the same lines, you can generally save money on your flight if you book it as a part of a package along with lodging and car rental. Some travel agents and booking websites can even include tickets to popular entertainment events in with the cost of your package. While you may pay more for the package than you would for just the airline tickets, if you are in need of lodging or a rental car then you can generally get them for less by booking them together than you would if they were booked separately. This does not mean that you should not check for separate prices as well, since sometimes you will be able to find a great deal on your flight or hotel room that you would not be able to beat with a package deal.Mike Cole is a freelance writer who writes about topics pertaining to traveling and budget vacations, often discussing traveling tips associated with finding cheap flights at http://www.flightcentre.ca/flights/.
Source: www.ArticlePros.com